Which of the following is not an extra-judicial procedure for encouraging an owner to pay off a delinquent account?

• A. Removing the owner's assigned parking space
• B. Collecting the rent from a delinquent owner's tenant
• C. Imposing a late charge on delinquent accounts
• D. Foreclosing on an owner

Answer: (D)

Extra-judicial remedies are actions an association can take to encourage payment without going to court. Removing the owner’s assigned parking space is a form of rule enforcement the association can implement within its authority, not a lawsuit. Collecting the rent from a delinquent owner’s tenant is another non-judicial step the association can pursue under its lien or rental provisions, again without court action. Imposing a late charge is a standard administrative tool to incentivize timely payments. Foreclosing on an owner, however, involves a formal legal process to force sale of the property to satisfy the debt, which makes it a judicial remedy rather than an extra-judicial one.